连载No.6 一生要知道的100位世界著名画家之丢勒

油画世界
Albrecht Durer

德国画家, (1471-1528)
阿尔弗雷德·丢勒（Albrecht Dürer ，1471－1528）生于纽伦堡，是德国画家、版画家及木版画设计家。丢勒的作品包括木刻版画及其他版画、油画、素描草图以及素描作品。丢勒的作品中，以版画最具影响力。
—— by ArtYouhua

作品欣赏

老师：沃格穆特（Michael Wolgemut，1434-1519）
流派：文艺复兴

Bacchanal with Silenus,1481

阿尔弗雷德·丢勒是最出色的木刻版画和铜版画家之一。丢勒主要作品有《启示录》、《基督大难》、《小受难》、《男人浴室》、《海怪》、《浪荡子》、《伟大的命运》、《亚当与夏娃》、《骑士、死亡与恶魔》等。丢勒的水彩风景画是他最伟大的成就之一，这些作品气氛和情感表现得极其生动。丢勒作品《亚当和夏娃》，众所周知，夏娃受到蛇的引诱偷食禁果，遭受惩罚，奠定了女性在社会中的基本地位。

The Adoration of the Magi,1501-1502

阿尔弗雷德·丢勒少年时曾追随父亲习艺，丢勒对绘画表现出特殊的才能，13岁时就能逼真的画自己的肖像，19岁时丢勒为父亲所画的肖像已充分显示他成熟的素描功力，可与达芬奇遥相呼应。后来丢勒在画家沃格穆特处工作三年。沃格穆特的大工作坊也为丢勒的教父、印刷商兼出版家安东·柯贝尔格，制作木刻插画。在当时，这家最大的厂子，对丢勒产生了很大影响，他在儿童时代初次接触到铜技巧，这个经久不灭的印象，对丢勒后来在版画艺术方面创造性地发挥起了决定作用。

Christ Shown to the People,1511

师满后，年轻的画家阿尔弗雷德·丢勒走出画室沿着莱茵河游历德国主要工业城市，到过法兰克福，访问过科隆和巴赛尔。4年间的旅行学习考察对画家丢勒的世界观形成和艺术发展起了决定性作用。23岁的丢勒已是一位有影响的艺术家，在这一年里，丢勒与故乡的一位音乐家的女儿阿格列萨·弗湟伊结了婚，此后丢勒作为首饰匠和画家开始了独立工作。

View of Bergen op Zoom,1520

阿尔弗雷德·丢勒作为德国最伟大的画家，他的艺术探索对德国的影响是深远的。正如有人评论的那样，“丢勒是德意志的代表民族画家。丢勒同时又是把意大利文艺复兴思想带进德意志，并开创了德意志民族艺术新纪元的艺术奠基人。”恩格斯也曾高度评价过丢勒，并把丢勒和达芬奇视为是需要巨人的时代所产生的巨人。

St George

阿尔弗雷德·丢勒是北部文艺复兴的代表人物。当时的德国正处于其历史上最为暗淡的一段时期，思想和信仰的混乱，饥荒和瘟疫（黑死病）无情地夺去大批人的生命，社会矛盾的激化。这使德国的文化与艺术疲弱不振，外于严重的低迷状态。与此同时，以意大利为首的欧洲各国却已经先后走出中世纪，进入了政治、经济和文化的开放与繁荣时期，人文主义的光辉已经照亮欧洲大陆。于是，作为一个德国画家，丢勒只能在一个代表着过去的落后国度里苦苦追求和传播着“现代”欧洲的先进思想。

Self-Portrait at 13,1484

Madonna and Child with musical angels,1485

Albrech Durer the Elder,1486

Saint John`s Church,1489

Fencing Reiter,1489

Society on horseback,1489

Soldiers,1489

Soldiers under the cross,1489

Alliance Coat of Arms,1490

Portrait Albrecht Dürer the Elder,1490

Portrait of Barbara,1490

Watermill at the montaсa,1489-1490

Self-Portrait with a wrap,1491-1492

St Jerome,1492

Adoration of kings,1490-1493

Christ as the Man of Sorrows,1493

Jesus boy with Globe,1493

Nude,1493

Self-Portrait,1493

Self-Portrait,1493

Study sheet with self-portrait, hand, and cushions,1493

One of the wise virgins,1493

Youth with executioner,1493

Courtyard of the Former Castle in Innsbruck with Clouds,1494

Courtyard of the Former Castle in Innsbruck without Clouds,1494

Linden Tree on a Bastion,1494

Lion,1494

Muse Calliope,1494

My Agnes,1494

Orpheus Slain By Bacchantes, With A Boy Running Away,1494

Prudentia,1494

Fighting Seekentauren,1494

Handestudien,1494

Holy Family,1493-1494

Portrait of a Woman,1494

Rest on the Flight to Egypt,1490-1494

St. Martin,1494

Study of Three Hands,1494

Study sheet with Madonna and child, hand and sleeve,1490-1494

The ship of fool,1494

The Trefilería on Peignitz,1494

The Trefilería on Peignitz,1494

The Annunciation,1502

Tilo on the cantilever of a bastion,1494

Young Hare,1502

Wire Drawing Mill,1494

Horse final death,1502

Young couple,1492-1494

Nude Woman with the Zodiac,1502

A lobster,1495

Philosophia (personification of philosophy),1502

Abduction Of A Woman (Rape Of The Sabine Women),1495

Sixtus Tucher in open grave,1502

Five Lansquenets And An Oriental On Horseback,1495

Study to a large fortune,1500-1502

Fortune,1495

Violet Bouquet,1502

Landscape near Segonzano in the Valley Cembra,1495

A Life of the Virgin,1503

Lobster,1495

Christ among the Doctors in the Temple,1503

Lobster,1495

Coat Of Arms With A Skull,1503

Nude Study (Nude Female from the Back),1495

Christ Taken Captive,1511

Great piece of turf study of weeds,1503

Putti Dancing and Making Music,1495

Christ Taking Leave of His Mother,1511

Head of a Stag,1503

Study of the Christ Child,1495

Christ Washing Peter s Feet,1511

Lamentation for Christ,1500-1503

The Castle at Trento,1495

Crucifixion,1511

Madonna On A Grassy Bench,1503

The city of Trento,1495

Joachim and the Angel from the ‘Life of the Virgin’,1511

Madonna with the many animals,1503

The Conversion Of St. Paul,1495

Madonna as nursing mother and divine being,1511

Nemesis (The Great Fortune),1501-1503

The Great Courier,1495

Pilate Washing His Hands,1511

Paumgartner Altar,1503

The holy family with the dragon fly,1495

St. Jerome in His Study,1511

Portrait of William Pirckheimer,1503

The Ill-Assorted Couple or the Offer of Love,1495

St. Michael and the Dragon, from a Latin edition,1511

Refusal of Joachim`s Offer,1502-1503

Valley Kalchreuth,1495

St.Christopher carrying the Infant Christ,1511

The Visitation,1503

View of the Arco Valley in the Tyrol,1495

The Adoration of the Holy Trinity (Landauer Altar),1511

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